Using Run Command in window

Go to Start Button and open Run then type the given command to run windows programs with name.

Run Commands

• appwiz.cpl -- Used to run Add/Remove wizard

• Calc --Calculator

• Cfgwiz32 --ISDN Configuration Wizard

• Charmap --Character Map

• Chkdisk --Repair damaged files

• Cleanmgr --Cleans up hard drives

• Clipbrd --Windows Clipboard viewer

• Cmd --Opens a new Command Window

• Control mouse --Used to control mouse properties

• Control --Displays Control Panel

• 
  

• 

• Dcomcnfg --DCOM user security

• Debug --Assembly language programming tool

• Defrag --Defragmentation tool

• Drwatson --Records programs crash & snapshots

• Dxdiag --DirectX Diagnostic Utility

• Explorer --Windows Explorer

• Fontview --Graphical font viewer

• Fsmgmt.msc -- Used to open shared folders

• Firewall.cpl -- Used to configure windows firewall

• Ftp -ftp.exe program

• Hostname --Returns Computer's name

• Hdwwiz.cpl -- Used to run Add Hardware wizard

• Ipconfig --Displays IP configuration for all network adapters

• Logoff -- Used to logoff the computer

• MMC --Microsoft Management Console

• Msconfig --Configuration to edit startup files

• Mstsc -- Used to access remote desktop

• Mrc -- Malicious Software Removal Tool

• Msinfo32 --Microsoft System Information Utility

• Nbtstat --Displays stats and current connections using NetBIOS over TCP/IP

• Netstat --Displays all active network connections

• Nslookup--Returns your local DNS server

• Osk ---Used to access on screen keyboard

• Perfmon.msc -- Used to configure the performance of Monitor.

• Ping --Sends data to a specified host/IP

• Powercfg.cpl -- Used to configure power option

• Regedit --Registry Editor

• Regwiz -- Registration wizard

• Sfc /scannow -- System File Checker

• Sndrec32 --Sound Recorder

• Shutdown -- Used to shutdown the windows

• Spider -- Used to open spider solitaire card game

• Sfc / scannow -- Used to run system file checker utility.

• Sndvol32 --Volume control for soundcard

• Sysedit -- Edit system startup files

• Taskmgr --Task manager

• Telephon.cpl -- Used to configure modem options.

• Telnet --Telnet program

• Tracert --Traces and displays all paths required to reach an internet host

• Winchat -- Used to chat with Microsoft

• Wmplayer -- Used to run Windows Media player

• Wab -- Used to open Windows address Book.

• WinWord -- Used to open Microsoft word

• Winipcfg --Displays IP configuration

• Winver -- Used to check Windows Version

• Wupdmgr --Takes you to Microsoft Windows Update

• Write -- Used to open WordPad

Back It Up!

As most of you know, I recommend backing up your computer on a regular basis. Since I'm always harping about it, I thought it might be a good idea to actually explain how to do this!

First, what exactly does it mean to "backup" your files?

To backup simply means to copy files to another disk. This can be in the form of using a program designed to do backups or just doing a straight copy from your computer to a floppy (probably a lot more than one floppy), a zip disk , or CD-RW .

For a zip disk, just copy and paste the files you want to save onto the disk. For a CD-R or CD-RW, use your CD burning software. (Note that most CD burning software and Zip drives come with some kind of backup utility you can use if you like).

If all your files will fit on a single CD or Zip disk, then you're in good shape just copying your files straight to it. If your files are too large, you're probably better off using a backup utility, since they can "split" your files up automatically and most can even compress them.

That's really all there is to it. You just take the files you want to be sure to save and copy them to a disk or CD.

Now, here's my advice for easier backups:

One question that seems to come up all the time is. "If I do a re-format and re-install every year or two, how can I be sure I get all my important files?"

I use to have a terrible time with this one. I would hunt through every folder on my hard drive searching for my data. I would still miss stuff and lose it.

Well, a long time ago, I decided to keep any file I create (documents) or want to save (i.e. downloaded software) in the My Documents folder. Then when I go to backup my info, I know it's all in one place. I back up My Documents and it's a done deal. I have it all.

I also advocate putting sub-folders into the My Documents folder. You can do this from most "Save As" dialog boxes by clicking the “New folder " icon. You can also do it from Explorer by opening the My Documents folder, right-clicking on a blank area, then selecting New, Folder from the resulting menu.

Make sure you backup your e-mail and Favorites too! You can set current versions of Outlook Express (and many other e-mail clients) to save your e-mail to a specified folder, like the My Documents folder. Doing that will insure you at least keep your e-mail.

As for the Favorites, those you'll have to work a little harder at. They are usually found under your C:\Windows folder. XP users will find them under the Documents and Settings area.

Now, here's a tip-in-a-tip:

I didn't know you could do this - kind of found out by accident- but you can actually drag your Favorites folder to your My Documents folder. I tested this on Win 98/ME/XP (I'm sure it'll work on Win 2000, not sure on 95). Each time, it worked perfectly. Explorer didn't "lose" any of the favorites and since they are in the My Documents folder now, it makes for MUCH easier backups.

What about program files?

My advice on backing up programs is not to - as long as you can re-install them. I personally back up just the stuff I have "made". You know, things like documents, web pages, pictures, graphics, etc. If I had to take time to make it and save it, I'll back it up.

If it's a program I can reinstall, then I don't back it up. After all, if I lose it, I can always reinstall Besides, many programs have files in locations other than their own directory - so it makes it hard to find everything.

Oh, and if you're backing up because you're doing a reformat of your hard drive and a reinstall of Windows here's something else to consider -

If the reason for the reinstall is poor system performance, you don't necessarily want to copy old files to the newly formatted hard drive. Sure, most of them would probably be OK, but what if you're transferring a file that was causing some of your bad performance? It's kind of like getting a new car and putting used parts on it.

Of course, there's not any kind of "fixed" rule for backing up or not backing up your program files, so use your best judgment

One final idea for our more advanced users:

If you find yourself doing the re-format thing fairly often, you may want to partition off a section of your hard drive for your data. If you keep all your information on a separate drive, you can re-format your Windows drive all you want and your data stays safe on the other drive partition.

A word of warning though. If you decide to do this, only keep data (documents, spreadsheets, pictures, etc) or downloads on the drive. If you install programs to it, you may find that when you re-format you need to re-install those programs anyway because they had DLL files that were living in the Windows System folder.

Turn on a screensaver with adding a shortcut

• You can run screensaver on your system with a single click, If you have any screensaver file like .scr extension, or first download it using Internet, there are many free sites for screensaver downloading.

• If you have not any .scr file then please go to Start button, and click on Search button. Here in search windows type *.scr and search all screen saver file from your hard disk.

• Here you will find a list of screensavers in the results. Pick a screensaver you want. You can preview it by double-clicking it.

• Right click on the file, choose Send To, and then click Desktop (create shortcut).

• To activate the screensaver, double-click the icon on your desktop.

How to enable the Windows Task Manager and Regedit Editor?

Today tip will help you to

unlock the windows Regedit Editor and Task Manager. Normally the reason of this message is that your computer has been infected by virus, trojan, or piece of spyware and message look like" Registry editor has been disabled by your administrator" or "Task Manager has been disabled by your administrator". By default Windows Task Manager and registry editor status is enabled, but a user can also disable or enable it manually. Some time a registry hack applies on both editors to disable it. Before proceeding further, first scan your system with up-to-date antivirus, and then follow the given steps to enable it.

To enable this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.

First go to the link of registry tools to access the useful script file and download it to your computer hard disk.

Now double click on this file to run this .vbs file and then a small message will appear on screen.

Here click on Open button to execute this file and you will get a confirmation message on screen.

Click on Ok button to finish the process and now you can run the both windows editors.

How to clear all windows history files with a single click?

Today tip will help you to manage the all types of user history in windows operating system. This is a built-in feature of all windows keeps track the user's history, for example the websites you have visited, the documents you have opened and the keywords or files for which you've searched. However this tip is very useful for you, if you are sharing your computer with others or you do not want that the other persons know about your last visited documents history. You can clear these kinds of user's history with a single click on desktop icon named Cleanmru.reg. There is no need to clear each history file one by one. This trick will work in nearly all of the windows versions like windows 2000, XP and 2003.

Follow the given steps for configuration to clear recently opened documents automatically:

To edit the computer registry, first you should log onto your computer with administrative rights.

Here copy the following 6 lines and paste in notepad then save with the name Cleanmru.reg on your desktop.

REGEDIT4

[-HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\TypedURLs]

[-HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU]

[-HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RecentDocs]

[-HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ComDlg32\

LastVisitedMRU]

[-HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Search Assistant\ACMru]

When you double-click Cleanmru.reg icon to remove the windows history, a small dialog box will appear with the information "Are you sure you want to add the information in C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\desktop\Clearmru.reg to the registry?"

At the end, you will get the message "Information in C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\desktop\Clearmru.reg has been successfully entered into the registry." Click on Ok button and verify that your all history will have been clear.

How to restore the windows XP to a previous working state?

Today tip is very useful to recover the windows XP problems and then restore it in previous working state. You can recover the windows critical components and return your computer to earlier state without loss of personal data using windows XP built-in system restore feature. With new programs being installed, viruses infecting and spyware creates problem in your browsers it is not unusual for your computer to suddenly stop behaving correctly. So you can perform the windows recovery process and return your computer to earlier state within a minute.

Follow the given steps to run System Restore wizard

:

To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with

administrative rights.

First click on Start button> All programs> Accessories> System Tools then

click on System Restore.

Now a "Welcome to System Restore" wizard will start, first read the detail instruction

on left side of the page.

On right side of the page, click on "Restore my computer to an earlier time" check box

under "To begin, select the task that you want to perform" area and then click on Next button.

On the "Select a Restore Point" page, click on bold date option, but try to use a restore

date as close as possible to a time just before the problem started then click on Next

button.

Now a next page will appear with title "Confirm Restore Point Selection", to restore your

computer to this date and time then click on Next button to start the restore process.

Now system restore process recover the previous windows settings and your computer

will restart with "Restoration Complete" message, click Ok button to finish the process.

How to hide computer drives in windows XP?

Today tip will help you to log off your computer automatically after some specific period of inactivity. Because most of the users left logged on their computer may represent a security threat for the company. For this purpose, first install the Winexit.scr tools that includes in Windows 2003 Resource Kit (rktools.exe) and you can free download it from Microsoft site.

To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.

After installing the rktools.exe setup, locate the Winexit.scr file in the following location.

C:\Program Files\Windows Resource Kits\Tools

Here right click no Winexit.scr file and select the Install option.

A Display Properties dialog box will appear, select Screen Saver tab and choose "Logoff

Screen Saver" entry under the Screen saver area.

Now click on Setting button, again a small dialog box will appear with the title "WinExit

Setup Dialog".

Here select the "Force application termination" check box under the "Force logoff"

area and type the number of seconds in "Countdown for n seconds" box under

Time to logoff area.

Now type the message that appears during the logoff countdown timer in the

"Logoff Message" box and click on Ok button.

Click on "Preview" button to verify the settings.

Here a small dialog box will appear with the title "Auto logoff in progress",

it displays the countdown timer and logoff message.

Click on Cancel then Ok button to finish the process.

How to apply password and compressed feature in windows XP?

You can store your data on hard disk using less space than normal size in windows XP. There is no need to install any third party software to compress or decompress your data, you can use windows built-in data compression or decompression feature to manage disk space issue.

I think many users are worried about the security of their file and folder also, so another benefit of this feature, you can protect your compressed file and folders with password.

Follow the given steps to implement the compression and password feature to mange data:

First double click on "My Computer" and locate the disk where you want to create compressed (zipped) folder. For example, if you want to create this compressed (zipped) folder on C drive, then open C drive.

Here open the "File" menu, go to "New" then click on "Compressed (zipped) Folder" option.

and folders to this compressed (zipped) folder then compression feature will implement automatically on that data.

When you want to open these compressed files, simple right click on compressed folder and click on Extract All. This extract wizard will automatically extract all these files to location you choose.

Now if you want to protect this compressed folder with password, simply open the compressed folder and go to "File" menu then here click on "Add a Password" option.

A small dialog box will appear with title "Add Password", type password in "Password" box and confirm password also then press Ok button.

Now when you will try to open your compressed files, system will prompt you a dialog box to enter password to open this file.

How to perform route summarization using BGP protocol?

Route summarization is the process of replacing a series of routes into a summary route with subnet mask. The main purpose of summarization is to decrease the uses of bandwidth and make the size of routing table smaller. For example if you are trying to advertise four routes 194.1.17.0/24, 194.1.18.0/24, 194.1.19.0/24 and 194.1.20.0/24 from router C to router B then the only summarized address as 194.1.16.0 255.255.248.0 will be advertised in the update packet.

Today tip will help you configure BGP route summarization between two different types of routing protocols. In this case, we will try to configure three different routers with routing protocols OSPF & RIP and then advertised one summary route from router C to router B using BGP Aggregate-address command.

Follow the network topology of three different class network in given figure:

Configuration to Enable OSPF & BGP on Router B

n global configuration Mode:

B (config) # router ospf 1

(Enable ospf protocol and 1 is Autonomous number)

B (config-router) # network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

(Advertised router B Serial Network 40.0.0.0)

B (config-router) # network 210.100.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

(Advertised router B Ethernet Network 210.100.20.0)

B (config-router) #redistribute bgp 20 subnet metric 50

(Redistribute bgp into ospf)

Now configure BGP on router B

B(config)# router bgp 20

B (config-router) # neighbor 61.1.1.2 remote-as 10

B (config-router) #end

Now run show command to display the BGP updates.

B #show ip bgp

Now verify the summarized route in router B routing table, run the command

B #show ip route

Configuration to Enable RIP & BGP on Router C

In global configuration Mode:

C (config) # router rip

(Enable rip protocol)

C (config-router) # network 210.100.30.0

(Advertised router C Serial Network 210.100.30.0)

C(config)#ip route 40.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 61.1.1.1

(Create a static route to router A to complete routing table.)

Now create four static routes and then advertised in BGP.

C(config)# ip route 194.1.17.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

C(config)# ip route 194.1.18.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

C(config)# ip route 194.1.19.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

C(config)# ip route 194.1.20.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

Now configure BGP on router C

C(config)# router bgp 10

C (config-router) # neighbor 61.1.1.1 remote-as 20

C (config-router) # redistribute static

(Advertised static routes)

C (config-router) # aggregate-address 194.1.16.0 255.255.248.0 summary-only

(summary of four static routes)

C (config-router) #end

Now run show command to display the BGP updates.

C #show ip bgp

Now verify the routes in router C routing table, run the command

C #show ip route

Configuration to Enable OSPF & BGP on Router A

In global configuration Mode:

A (config) # router ospf 1

(Enable ospf protocol and 1 is Autonomous number)

A(config-router) # network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

(Advertised router A Serial Network 40.0.0.0)

A(config-router) # network 210.100.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

(Advertised router A Ethernet Network 210.100.10.0)

How to insert any favorite text as bullet in Word?

In Microsoft Word, lists of items or important points of a specific topic are presented in the documents in a prominent way by applying default bullets and numbering. By default, word provides only few built-in bullets and numbers to prominent your important points. But if you wish to use your name or any favorite word as a bullet then you can modify the default bullets lists.

Follow the given steps to modify the default bullets with your favorite name:

First click on Start button, go to Program then click on Microsoft Word to run the word page.

Now go to File menu and click on Open option to open any word file. Then go to Format menu and click on Bullets and Numbering option.

Here a small dialog will appear with title "Bullets and Numbering", now click on one of the number formats that you are not using in the document and click on Customize button.

In the number format box, type your favorite text (in this case, we are using Tony, Google and MSN as bullets, you can set a different font if you like, or the underlying paragraph font will be used).

You can enter 30 characters in the box which should be sufficient for most of the uses to which this is likely to be put.

How to manage the compatibility issues of Office 2007 to earlier office versions?

By default all Microsoft Office 2007 applications use the different files extensions than the earlier versions. All earlier Office applications used the file extensions as .doc, .xls and .ppt for

Word, Excel and PowerPoint respectively, but now Office 2007 applications uses the .docx, xlsx and .pptx file extensions for Word, Excel and PowerPoint respectively. These all new file extensions are not compatible with all previous versions of Office applications, that is why Office 2002 and Office 2003 applications cannot open and read the .docx, xlsx and .pptx file extensions.

However, you have an option in Office 2007 to save the files with in older files extensions, But if you are frequently using the older versions of the file and also if the files created by you are to be shared on other computers which have earlier versions of Office, you may want to save all your new documents in the older format, but that would create duplicate files. There is better option in Office 2007 applications to change the default saving file format to the older format and then the new file format in Office 2007 will be changed to .doc, .xls and .ppt for Word, Excel and PowerPoint respectively.

Today we will set the older file format for Word 2007 and other applications will be discussed in the next tips. Follow the given steps to set the default older file format for Word 2007:

First click on Start button, go to Program then click on Microsoft Word 2007 to run the word application.

Now click on File menu in the top left corner then click on Word Options button to change the default word options.

In the left side panel, click on Save option, and now "Customized how documents are saved" option will appear in right side panel.

Here find the "Save File in this format" option and click on drop down box to select the different format. Now you will find many options here, select the Word 97-2003 Document (*doc) option.

Now click on Ok button to save the settings and all new Word files will be created in the format you set as default.

How to configure the Cisco IOS IDS step by step?

IDS stand for Intrusion Detection System. IDS use to monitor the network traffic and calculate the detail information about network attacks also. When the IDS system identifies any malicious traffic, it reports an alert to the management system (for example, kiwi Syslog service Manager). IDS generates the different types of information against network attacks (for example, alerts, Critical conditions, Debugging messages, System is unusable, Warning conditions, Normal but significant conditions and other informational messages) and then you can set the alarm or reset action against the matching signatures.

Follow the given lab for IDS to detect malicious traffic:

Configurations on Router

In global configuration Mode:

Router(config)# logging on

Router(config)# logging console

(enable logging on router console)

Router(config)# logging host 40.1.1.2

(mention the syslog server address; here we are using kiwi Syslog service Manager as a logging manager)

Router(config)# logging trap 7

(logging severity level)

Router(config)# ip audit name AGENT attack action alarm

(set the alarm action against the matching signatures, and AGENT is the name of audit specification)

Now implement the all above configurations on router inside interface.

Router(config)# interface Ethernet 0/0

Router(config-if)# ip audit AGENT in

(implementation on router inside interface)

Now you can create a network attack using ICMP service (denial of service attack), for example run a long Ping command from your laptop to remote router.

Ping 40.1.1.1 -t -l 60000

Now you can verify the detail information about this ICMP DOS attack using any syslog server, here we are using kiwi Syslog service Manager as a logging manager. In the given figure, you can view the information about the ICMP DOS attack.

How to block any installed application from lunching on your computer?

How to block any installed application from lunching on your computer?

Today tip will help you to block any windows built-in applications or other third party programs from being executed on a target computer. If you want to restrict an application from running

your family members and co-workers then AppLocker provides a simple solution to do so. However this tip is very useful for you, if you are sharing your computer with others or you do not want that other persons run all installed applications. This trick will work in nearly all of the windows versions like windows 2000, XP, 2003 and 2008.

AppLocker provides us a complete solution to block any programs from being executed on a target computer. You can download this tool for any windows version using link. Download it and run the easy setup.

After installation, double click on AppLocker icon on your desktop to start the Application Locker software. Now this application will display the list of computer software programs like Microsoft Word, Excel, Internet Explorer and many others.

Here click on any application checkbox and then click on Save button to block any software. For example, if you want to block Internet Explorer then select the checkbox of internet explorer and now after saving the change click on Internet Explorer to start it. Here you will get following message:

Now here you can add other application other than the default lock application list, you can lock other programs by clicking the “Configure” button to open the configuration window. Type the caption you want displayed on the ‘Lock application list’. Then, type the programs executable file name and click the ‘Add’ button to add new applications.