How to disable shutdown button on the Log-in screen?

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Windows 2000 Workstation's log-in screen has a "Shutdown" button which you can use to shutdown the system without ever logging in. But you can disable Windows 2000 Workstation's "Shutdown" button on the initial log-in screen:

  • Run "RegEdit.exe" or "RegEdt32.exe"
  • Select the following key:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\
    SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\
    Current Version\Winlogon
  • Add a value named "ShutdownWithoutLogon" of type "REG_SZ" and set it to "0".
  • Restart Windows

How to Disable or Enable Auto run CD in Windows XP?

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In windows XP you can enjoy a good feature to run CD or DVD automatically when you loaded it into you CD drives on your computer. This is a defaults feature in windows XP but you can disable and enable it according to your nature of work. In user interface mode there is no option to disable or enable this feature, you must edit the registry of windows and be careful to work registry.

Click Start button then type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.

Here locate the location to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Cdrom

Here you can disable or enable automatically running your CD. Change the value of Autorun to 0 for disable and change the value to 1 for enable. At the end restart your computer for this change.

How to speed up the Start Menu?

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If you are still working with old or slow computer but don't worry, you can give surprise your friends with making some changing in windows registry. Edit your computer registry keys to speed up your computer start menu, because the default speed of start menu is slow. After these changes your computer start menu will response like latest computer.

Follow the given steps to change the speed of Start Menu.

  • First click on Start button then type Regedit in Run option.
  • In Registry Editor panel go to the path:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \

Desktop \ MenuShowDelay

  • By default the value "MenuShowDelay=400", but you can set value between 0 to 400. Now put the value "MenuShowDelay"=0 to speed up.
  • Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.

How to enable the advance performance setting in windows vista?

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If you have noticed that the speed of your system is very slow with windows vista then today tip is very useful for you to increase the performance of windows vista. There is some default setting in vista which is used to manage the write caching on disk. By default windows enabled the write caching on disk but the advanced performance setting is disabled.

Follow the given steps to configure the advance performance setting in Windows Vista:

To enable this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.

First right click on My Computer icon then select the option Manage.

Here small windows will appear with title Computer Management, now select the Device Manager option, then locate the SATA Disk under the Disk Drives.

Here select the enable advanced performance sittings on the SATA disk.

Now click on Ok button to apply the setting and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.

How to install the games software using windows XP?

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Normally windows XP create the problem to install many games software. You can solve these problems, if you follow the give steps before installing the game.

  • First check the windows version that you are using is supported by the game software, because many games are not supporting windows XP version.

  • Now make sure you have enough free space on the hard disk available to loading the game.

  • Now check your system processor speed and RAM, VGA memory size meets the minimum size requirement to run the game.

  • At the end turns off your system DMA (Direct Memory Access).

Follow the given steps to turn off the DMA using system Device manager.

  • First click on Start button, click Run and then type here “devmgmt.msc” and press Ok.

How to log off, restart and shutdown, connected computer from one location?

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Windows XP has a built-in feature (shutdown tools) that is used to shutdown any connected computers from any one computer. Using this feature, you can log off, restart and shutdown any computer in your network. This tip is very useful for you, if you are a Network Administrator at your company, because if you have experience to shutdown all connected computers daily in your local area network one by one, definitely that job is annoying responsibility for you.

Follow the given steps to configure shutdown tool on your computer:

To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.

To perform this task, first make sure your both computers are directly connected or connected to network.

Click Start button then type shutdown -i in Run option then press Enter for next.

A small windows dialog box will appear with the title "Remote Shutdown Dialog".

Here first click on "Add" button to add computer, a small Add computers window will open, here type the name or IP address of the computer (you can add many computer for same action) that you want to turned off, then press OK for next.

Now select the action "What do you want these computers to do (log off, restart or shutdown)". If you want to warn your users about this action, select the check box "Warn users of the action" then set time, display warning for 30 seconds or more.

Now select the option that describes the reason to shutdown the computers and also type some comments for users.

Now when you press the OK button, the users will see a "System Shutdown Windows "with time and comments that you had been set.

OSPF Neighbor States

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OSPF neighbors go through states before they can begin exchanging LSAs. You can examine the state of an OSPF neighbor with the help of following command:-

A#show ip ospf neighbor

a. DOWN STATE

This state occurs when configuration is mismatched on both sides e.g. If STUB is configured on one side only. STUB is one of the fields in HELLO packet. HELLO packet contains following information/fields:-

  • The Router-ID of the originating router.

  • The Area-ID of the originating router interface.

  • The address mask of the originating interface.

  • Authentication type and authentication information for the originating interface.

  • The Hello Interval of the originating interface.

  • The Router Dead Interval of the originating interface.

  • The router priority.

  • The Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) information.

  • Five flags for options.

  • The Router-ID of the originating router's neighbors.

This is the initial state of the neighbor which also indicates that no hellos were heard from this neighbor within the last dead time interval.

b. INIT OR ONE WAY STATE

One router (A) sent Hello packet to other router (B) and the information is matched on the other router (B). In response other router (B) sent acknowledgment, but it is in the pipeline. This state indicates that a router has seen its own Router-ID in the neighbor field of the HELLO packet that it received from the neighbor. It also means that bidirectional conversation was established and that DR and BDR election can occur.

c. TWO WAY STATE

Router-A sent HELLO Packet and Router-B sent acknowledgment, after that, Router-B sent Hello packet and Router-A sent acknowledgment in response. Then neighbor table is completed and DR/BDR Election process begins.

When an OSPF interface first becomes active, it begins to send hello packets. When two routers receive each other's hello, they place the neighbor in INIT STATUS. When a neighbor is in init status, it places its own Router-ID into the hello packet. When a router receives one of the new hellos with the Router-ID of its neighbor, it places the neighbor in a new state of 2-WAY. The 2-Way state ensures that here is a two-way communication between the routers. The routers must be in this state before they can negotiate a DR/BDR and exchange LSAs. After the routers have achieved the 2-Way state, OSPF enters into its final states:

d. EXSTART (MASTER/SLAVE)

A simple meaning of this state is "who will initialize the communication first". At this state, another election for the selection of Master and Slave Router begins. The neighbor with the highest IP address becomes the Master and other becomes the Slave to exchange LSA.

e. EXCHANGE (LSA REQUEST)

The router sends its database description packets to neighbors in the exchange state. The database description packets describe the entire link state database. The link-state database is synchronized after this phase. After synchronization, the router enters one of two final states. Every network in the routing table of a router has a corresponding sequence number. At this state, a router sends the sequence numbers to the neighbor router. In response, as acknowledgment, the neighbor router also sends its sequence numbers.

f. LOADING

The router also sends link state request packets to all neighbors that are in the loading state. The loading phase requests that more recent LSAs be sent. At this state the database table is completed.

g. FULL

At this state, SPF algorithm is applied and best path is calculated. Neighbors in this state are fully adjacent and routing table of neighbors are completed.

Break or recover the router password

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  • Turn the power switch off and back on to recycle the power.

  • Press the Break key or key sequence to put the router into ROM Monitor mode. The break key varies by computer or terminal software. The sequence might be CTRL-D, CTRL-Break or another combination.

  • At the > prompt, type 0 to record the current value of the configuration register normally 0x2102, or 0x102.

    >o

    Configuration register = 0x2102 at last boot

    Bit# Configuration register option settings:

    15 Diagnostic mode disabled.

  • Type o/r 0x2142 to tell the router to boot from flash without loading the configuration in NVRAM at the next reload.

  • Type i to have the router reboot. The router ignores the configuration in NVRAM.

  • The router runs the setup dialog, Type no or press Ctrl-C to skip the initial setup Dialog.

  • Type enable ate the Router> prompt to go to privileged exec mode.

  • Copy the startup configuration to the running configuration by using the configure memory or copy startup-config running-config commands. Do not type configure terminal. If you use the configure terminal command, you overwrite the configuration stored in NVRAM.

  • View the configuration by typing write terminal or show running-config. View the configured line, vty and enable passwords. Any encrypted passwords need to be changed.

  • Enter the configuration mode by typing configure terminal. Change the line of enable passwords as necessary.

  • All interfaces are in a shutdown state. Issue the no shutdown command on every interface that is to be used.

  • Type config-register 0x2102 to return the router to normal operation at the next reloads.

  • Exit configuration mode by pressing Ctrl-Z

  • Save your changes by typing write memory or copy running-config startup-config.

  • Reload the router and verify the passwords.

Most commonly used Security Techniques against viruses.

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Virus detection and its removal are mode through an antivirus or with some other security program. Different antivirus programs are available in the market and over Internet. The most common and famous security technique against viruses is as under:

Virus Signature/ Virus Definition

Virus signature is a known pattern of code of a code of a virus program; this pattern is used by antivirus program to detect viruses and then to remove these viruses. You should update virus definition continuously by downloading updates from Internet. This ensures that your antivirus is always able to detect changing viruses.

Inoculation

Inoculation file is separate file created and maintained by antivirus program to record information like file size and file creation date. This information later on is used for virus detection and removal.

Quarantine

Quarantine is a separate area on a hard disk. It contains the infected files and folders that cannot be cleared or deleted by antivirus due to some reason, for example sharing violation or unknown virus for that antivirus.

Recovery Disk

Recovery disk is a removable disk that holds un-infected system commands and startup information. In case the boot record of actual hard disk fails, this recovery disk can be used to start the computer. Afterwards an antivirus program can be used to remove the virus.

Un-authorized access

Accessing a computer system without the knowledge or permission of its user is called unauthorized access. It is always recommended to restrict computer resources with the help of usernames and passwords. These are unique combination of characters to identify users and their secret codes respectively.

Firewall

Firewall is a security system consisting of hardware and software to prevent unauthorized access of a network or computer. Big companies use a separate computer firewall software or hardware to protect their date from unauthorized access. Firewall check outgoing and incoming traffic and manage data access to the authorized users only.

Biometric Devices

A biometric device reads personal characteristics like fingerprints hand structure, facial features, and voice recognition to authenticate a user for any further access to a computer system or other peripheral devices. A biometric device translates the personal characteristics into digital code that is matched to already store user data in that system. If the digital data matches with any of the stored data, it gives access to the person. In case of no match, the access is denied.

How to set auto shutdown for your computer?

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A cool tip to manage your computer shutdown process automatically. You can set your computer to shutting down at any convenient time (daily, weekly and when my computer starts) when you are not there.

A simple shutdown command set your computer to close all running applications and shutdown properly after predefined time. This tip is very useful to save energy and time. After the execution of command, a small window will appear to count time of system shutdown. You can cancel this auto shutdown process using same command.

    Follow the given steps to schedule the shut down process:

  • Click on start button then go to Run option.

  • Type shutdown.exe -s -t yyyy then press ok button.

  • Here yyyy mean time in second, for example if you want your computer will shutdown automatically after 5 minute then the command will be shutdown -s -t 300.

  • But after execution you can cancel this command any time, simple type shutdown.exe -a in Run option and Press ok. Your auto shutdown command will remove and your computer will work properly.

How to move your mouse cursor without mouse?

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You can control your mouse pointer with keyboard keys in all windows versions. When your mouse stops working, you can enable this keyboard feature to complete your important work. This keyboard mouse can performs all tasks same like a normal mouse.

Follow the given steps to activate the keyboard mouse:

To edit this feature, first you should log onto your computer with administrative rights.

To activate this feature, press Alt+Shift+NumLock keys at once and you will receive a small MouseKey box.

To keep MouseKeys on, click on Ok button or click on cancel button to cancel MouseKeys box.

Click on Settings button, if you want to adjust the mouse cursor detail settings.

Here a new dialog box will appear with the title “Settings for MouseKeys", now you can manage all mouse settings for example mouse cursor speed, acceleration and some other features.

Now using Numeric keypad, you can move your mouse pointer. The controls are:

  • 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 and 9 keys are used to move the mouse cursor into different directions.

  • Key 5 is used as mouse click button.

  • Insert key used to hold down mouse button.

  • + Sign used to double click on any object.

  • Delete button used to release the mouse.

  • Click on NumLock button to disable this keyboard mouse feature.

How to create One-Click Hibernation icon on your desktop?

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Today tip will help you to start the quicker hibernation process with a single click on desktop icon. This is the easiest way to start the hibernation process in windows XP. A simple click on hibernation icon, close the all running applications and will start hibernation process properly. This tip is very useful to save energy and time as well. If any case this desktop shortcut does not work, then you should need to configure your computer to enable hibernation. Go on the Start button and select "Settings". Click on "Control Panel" then double-click on the "Power Options" icon. Click on the "Hibernate" tab and make sure the "Enable Hibernate" checkbox is checked.

Follow the given steps to create the shutdown icon:

To create a new shortcut, right click on any empty area of your desktop and go to New then Shortcut.

Now a small windows dialog box will appear with the title "Create Windows". In the "Create Shortcut" window, type the following command.

rundll32.exe PowrProf.dll, SetSuspendState

Click Next button to type the name of this shortcut and press Finish to close it. Now click on Hibernate icon to verify the process.

Find and fix the hard drive problems

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If your computer creating problems to read/write on the hard drive or may become unstable then it is possible that some lost clusters and bad sectors are on your hard drive. To check your computer hard drive for any errors, you can use scan disk utility. You should scan your hard disk on regular basis to maintain the status of missing cluster and bad sectors. In windows 2000 and XP, you can use the error-checking tools to check the health of your hard drive.

  • Follow the given steps to run the error- checking tools:

  • First open the My Computer then right click on any drive that you want to check.

  • On the right click menu select the Properties option.

  • Here select the Tool tab then run Check Now in the Error-checking dialog area.

  • Under check disk options you can select both check box ”Automatically fix file system errors” and “scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors” then press Start button.

  • This test will prompt you, if there is any problem on your hard disk and automatically fix it now.

  • Speed up your Broadband internet connection

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    You can increase the speed of your broadband internet connection, if you are using windows XP on your computer. This is built-in feature of windows XP to reserve the 20 percent of bandwidth of your internet connection, but you can override of this default setting. By enabling these setting, you can use this reserve bandwidth and enjoy your speedy broadband internet connection. You can set reserve able limit from 0 to 100 percent, but if you want to enjoy 100 percent bandwidth of internet connection, you should configure bandwidth limit 0 percent.

    Follow the given steps to configure bandwidth limit:

    • First click on Start button then type "GPedit.msc" in Run option and press Enter.

    • Under "Local Computer Policy" expand the "administrative templates".

    • Here in right side window expand the "Network" then highlight the "QoS Packet Scheduler"

    • Now again in right side window, double click on "limit reservable bandwidth".

    • Under the "Limit reservable bandwidth properties" dialog box check "enabled"™ then change the "Bandwidth limit %" to zero.

    • Now close the Group Policy editor and restart your compute, after any changes to go into effect.


    How to create One-Click Restart icon on your desktop?

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    Today tip will help you to enjoy the quicker restart of your computer with a single click on desktop Restart icon. You can set the time when your computer will start the restart process. A single click on Restart icon will close the all running applications and start the restart properly after predefined time. This tip is very useful to save power and time as well. After the execution of this command, a small window will appear to start count time of system restart.

    Follow the given steps to create the shutdown icon:

    To create a new shortcut, right click on any empty area of your desktop and go to New then Shortcut.

    Now a small windows dialog box will appear with the title “Create Windows”. In the “Create Shortcut” window, type the following command.

    SHUTDOWN -r -t 30

    Here t 30 means time in second, for example if you want your computer will restart automatically after half minute then the command will be shutdown -r -t 30. But if you want your computer will restart without any countdown then type command as shutdown -r -t 00.

    Click Next button to type the name of this shortcut and press Finish to close it.

    This command starts a 30-second countdown for restart, which permits you to abort it (with a shutdown -a command).

    At the end, when you click on restart icon, a windows dialog box will appear with the information” This system is shutting down. Please save all work in progress and log off. Any unsaved changes will be lost. This shutdown was initiated by administrator”.

    How to eliminate the needless visual effects for better windows performance?

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    Today tip will help you to increase the performance of your computer by eliminating the needless visual effects. By default windows XP gives you many options in the graphics fields to enjoy maximum graphics. For example, you can add pictures on folders and drop shadow on icon to give you better look but it will effect on the performance of your computer, especially on an older computer. Window XP has many default graphics which is not so useful for a common user, if you re-adjust these graphics then there is less effect on the user activities but the performance of computer will be increase tremendously. Here I will tell you how to choose:

    To edit these settings, first you should log onto your computer with administrative rights.

    Click Start button and type sysdm.cpl in Run box then press Ok button for next.

    Here a dialog box will appear with the title "System Properties", select "Advanced" tab.

    Here click on Settings button under Performance area.

    When you have done then "Performance Options" dialog box will appear with different options. Here select the Visual Effects tab and choose the settings you want to use for the appearance and performance of windows on this computer.

    Turns off all the visual effects in the option of "Adjust for best performance" and when you select the option "Adjust for best appearance" it will gives you opposite effect ,Everything will turns on. Selecting "Let Windows choose what's best for my computer" triggers, as you might guess, different choices on different computers. And to pick and choose individual effects yourself, choose "custom" then decide which ones you want.

    Different methods through viruses may be transferred

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    There are different methods through viruses may be transferred from one computer to another.

    • Now- a-days, most of the viruses spread due to receiving unknown e-mail messages that contains viruses. When a user opens such an infected message, the virus is also loaded into the computer memory. In this way, many other program files loaded into the memory are infected. This virus is also transferred to other computers when e-mail messages are sent from the infected computer to them. Due to these viruses, some time an auto generated email message from your email ID sends to your friends from your side with different virus messages. Never open unknown and attractive subject line email messages, always scan first even if you know the sender of the message.

    • Another way of spreading virus is by using Internet and other networks. For example, when you download infected executables files or data files from the Internet or from a shared disk on the network, viruses are transferred to your computer. It must be noted that many software are available on the Internet with free of cost. Most of that software contains viruses, for example free PHP or ASP scripts are the main source of virus, always get these scripts from reliable sources. In an LAN, if a computer contains a virus, then all the computers on the network may be infected with that virus.

    • One important means of exchanging data is through the use of removable media like, CDs, MP3 player, ipod and flash devices. So, when you copy the data from one computer to another by using a removable media, the viruses are also transferred.

    • The virus can also infect your computer by using pirated software. The software, which is installed into your computer without license is referred to as pirated software. Some companies may intentionally attach some virus programs into their software. This program will only activate when it does not find some special files like license files on your computer.

    Convert FAT or FAT32 File system into NTFS

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    You can increase the performance of your computer using NTFS (New Technology File System) hard drive volume with windows XP, because this advance file system provides some extra features, for example security, reliability, file encryption and Compression features.

    But if you are still using old file systems like FAT or FAT32, you can covert it into NTFS with a simple command. The interesting thing is that you can convert your hard drive volumes file system without losing data on the drive.

    Follow the giving steps to convert FAT or FAT32 partition to NTFS:

    • First go to Start button then click on Run option.

    • Now type here “CMD” and press Ok to open command prompt.

    • At the command prompt type convert drive letter name: /fs:ntfs

    • For example if you want to convert drive E to NTFS then the command will be “convert e: /fs:ntfs”.

    • Now restart your computer and enjoy NTFS features, but keep in mind you cannot covert back it to FAT or FAT32 again.

    Turn on a screensaver with adding a shortcut

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    • You can run screensaver on your system with a single click, If you have any screensaver file like .scr extension, or first download it using Internet, there are many free sites for screensaver downloading.

    • If you have not any .scr file then please go to Start button, and click on Search button. Here in search windows type *.scr and search all screen saver file from your hard disk.

    • Here you will find a list of screensavers in the results. Pick a screensaver you want. You can preview it by double-clicking it.

    • Right click on the file, choose Send To, and then click Desktop (create shortcut).

    • To activate the screensaver, double-click the icon on your desktop.

    How to download the windows latest updates automatically?

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    Friends, I hope you are enjoying the all my tips to play with your computer secrets. My today tips will help you to download the latest windows features. All Microsoft Windows versions support to run window updates automatically but today we will discuss this feature in windows XP only.

    You can enable this option to run windows update automatically when your computer will be connected to the internet. Through this service you can check the Microsoft website for downloadable improvements to the operating system and security patches also. These latest updates will protect your computer from the attacks of latest viruses and potential hackers. Windows Update is free of cost and important service that is why always makes sure its running on your computer.

    Follow the given steps to enable this important feature on your computer:

    To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.

    Click Start button and go to Settings then click on Control Panel option. Now system will open the Control Panel windows with different categories.

    Just click on System option, a small System Properties dialog box will appear with many options like System Restore, Remote and Automatic Updates and others.

    Click on Automatic Updates tab, if it is not selected already then click on “Automatic (recommended)” box. Then this will display the different setting to continually check Microsoft’s website for updates.

    Here you can pick a download and installation schedule or select the option “Download the updates automatically and notify me when they are ready to be installed” in the section of settings. Through this option you can download updates automatically and it will install the updates immediately.

    If you wait a day or two before installing an updates to make sure there are not any serious bugs reported about the latest patch you can check it through Microsoft website. Now click on Ok button to finish the process.

    How to enable the hidden files and folders function in XP?

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    Today tip will help you to solve the problem with hidden files and folders in windows XP. Normally in windows XP, you can view the hidden files and folders using the path, Tool>Folder Options>View, and then check the “Show hidden files and folders" radio box. But sometime due to some spyware/trojan attacks, this radio box is unchecked automatically and you could not show the system hidden files and folders.

    Follow the given steps to visible the hidden files and folders:

    To edit the computer registry, first you should log onto your computer with administrative rights.

    Click Start button and type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.

    Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\
    Advanced\Folde r\Hidden\SHOWALL

    Now in right side panel, double click on the DWORD value “CheckedValue", here a small dialog box will appear with the title “Edit Dword Value".

    To modify the “Value data" information as DWORD Value to 1 then click on Ok button to finish the process.

    Now you can easily view the hidden files and folders using the path, Tool>Folder Options>View and then check “Show hidden files and folders" radio box.

    But next time, if you want to disable this functionality then simply change the value of data box to old value.

    How to create your own Run Command for any specific application? Today tip will help you to make your own Run Command (program shortcut) to run a pr

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    Today tip will help you to make your own Run Command (program shortcut) to run a program or a document directly. No more need to navigate the location of a program or document to run it, simply click on Start button to open Run box and type the programs shortcut name to open it directly.

    Follow the given steps to disable the save settings functionality for desktop:

    To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.

    Click Start button and type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.

    Here locate the location to:

    Now right click on App Paths and select New > Key, title the key and name it whatever you want your run command to be. In this case, we will try to create a run command for SecueCRT application.

    New > Key > SecureCRT.exe

    Now select the SecureCRT.exe folder and click right on (Default) string value then click Modify at the right hand side panel.

    Here enter the path of the program that you want to execute in the value data field. In our case, the path of SecueCRT application will be C:\Program Files\VanDyke Software\SecureCRT \SecureCRT.exe.

    Now again in right side panel, click right to create a new String value with the name SecureCRT and its values as C:\Program Files\VanDyke Software\SecureCRT\SecureCRT.exe.

    Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.

    How to disable the unread email notification in XP welcome screen?

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    Windows XP by default display the list of unread email on the windows welcome screen. But some time this unread email notification is irritating users and they don't want to display it on the welcome screen. They can easily disable it using the windows registry editor. Make sure before modifying your system Registry about its backup because Registry contains all information how your system runs. This backup will help you to restore Registry in case any problem occurs after modifying.

    Follow the given steps to disable the email notification option:

    To edit the computer registry, first you should log onto your computer with administrative rights.

    First click on Start button and type "Regedit" in Run option.

    Here locate the location to:

    Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ UnreadMail

    Here in right side panel, double click on the key MessageExpiryDays and set its value to 0.

    But if MessageExpiryDays key doesn't exist, then in right side panel, click right to create a key with the name MessageExpiryDays and then set its value to 0.

     

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